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THE FIRST, AN INFERIOR RACE— THE LATTER, ITS NORMAL CONDITION. 
I W;> 



BY J. H. VAN EVRIE, M. D. 



INTRODUCTORY NUMBER 



IAUSES OF POPULAR DELUSION ON THE SUBJECT, 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1853, 

By J. H. Van Evrie, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Columbia. 



DAT BOOK OFFICE, 19 ANN STREET, N. Y 



TBREOTYPED BY VINCENT L. DILL, 



128 Fulton Street, New York. 



LETTERS TO THE AUTHOR. 



From Hon. Jefferson Davis, Secretary o f_\V nr. 

!■-■"■:.. 
Dr. Van Evkie: 

Dear Sir. — I have read the enclosed pages will: est, and not 

as a Southern man merely, hut a.* an American, I thank you for your aide and 
maid}' exposure of a fallacy which more, than any or all other causes has di 
the tranquility of our people and endangered the perpetuity of <■ ir constitutional 
union. With high regard I am your obedient servant^ 5 

Jeffe'n Davis. . 

From Professor De Doic, Sup. U. S. Census. 

Washington, June 16, 1853^M 

Dear Sir, — I agree in the principles which you assume in the conduct of the; 

slavery argument, in the introductory chapter of your work. They are new and 

striking and considering the great and overriding important e of the ■ 

the ability with which they are pressed must excite wide into tention. 

Your obedient servant, 
Dr. J. H. Van Evkie. . I. D. B. De Bow. 

From Hon. D. S. Dickinson, Ex U. S. Senator. 

Binghamtox, N. Y., July 28, 1S53. 

My Dear Sir. — I have perused with great interest and satisfaction your intro- 
ductory chapter upon " Negroes and Negro Slavery " and rejoice in believing that 
a subject which has been so little understood is finally about to receive | 
position which the best interest of society demands. This specimen oi 
work gives evidence of deep ethnological research and consideration, and the 
bold and masterly hand with which you strip off the disguises furnished by the 
spurious philanthropist and true demagogue, renders it ten fold more accept- 
able and attractive. Such a work was demanded by all the friends of rational 
progress, for the* influence it must exert in elevating the Caucasian race to a pro- 
per conception .of their mission, and turning them from the contemplation of 
casting down barriers erected by the Almighty. 

I am, with high regard, yours truly, 

Dr. J. II. Van Evkie. D. s. Dio \Rbon. 

From Xnr York National Democrat. 

Dr. Van Evrie, of Washington, has in press a work of lour hundred pages, en- 
titled " Negroes and Negro slavery." the introductory chapter of which we have 
d, in a neal pamphlet. This introduction discusses, with great ability and 
power, the causes of the popular delusio >f slavery. Physiology 

and history are lummoned as wituesses to prove the natural inferiority of the negro 
race, ai ethatil is ii der circumstances of entire 

equality wi h the Caucasian race. The learned author shows conclusively that 
the conditio!! of the negro in our Southern States is much more natural than the 
condition of the land, or of all Europe. We have been so 

much please,; with the following comparison between the English Nobleman and 
the Soui hem Planter, that we give it entire in our editorial columns'! 

iell 
2 Fob Q& 




PREFACE. 



\ 



IP someone ignorant of the real nature of epUepsy 'should 
o/wi Lsiug a cW go away and write a hook **£%« 
contortions of the mnselcs, foaming at the «-**f™ 
of features, Ac. that ordinarily attend a paroxysm of that com 
plaint, thoe who might read it and were as ignoran of the 
Lease as the writer himself, would doubtless rmag.ne it a ad- 
dition of extreme suffering, when in reality, there is none wh.tr 

"for the simple reason that the ^«**£*£ 
scions : but such a book would as truly descr.be the teal 

option of the epileptic as the books *^%££™ 
very describe the real condition of the slave. And if some on- 
wS to reply to it, admitting that there was suffering in ep.lepsy, 

, that it W U or of a different character from that 
a ^ i i ™c > ,!ok it would go just as far in explaining t e 

" al condition of the epileptic patient as the books written m 

defence of Southern Slavery do in explaining the real condition 

*vSS ** «" f « rthCT mustrated by a J cert t f r°;; 9 °„ 

i,f mous negro novel recently written to descr.be Southern 
SoL. Tta writer represents her negro characters as white 
pe ,' : and their masters as Devils, or as extra human ; one 
' s as true to nature and fact as the other, for certa.n I .- j, .f 

ourselves, such bangs must be extra human. 

S, u I n writers however, indignant at these alse represen- 

aSShS Southern Society, attempt replies to tins book ; but 

dmitting ti,e theory of the writer that the negro ,s a a k 

whtoe m an, or tin,. Southern »tnv« art people like on, .elves. 



are, of course, unable to noint on* !t= «,i i . 
the world. Thns the ill™ „ ^hooda to the rest of 

tion of fact g«, i:';-*". « false percep- 
the imaginary 8 m Z^ot 2,5.^^1^' ^ 
of the real nature of the hLrl "" iWth i « riora '" 

sufferings of the 1 Si '"* t0 1>i, - v ,,lc **W'»«rj< 

pericnce that not t^'i^tS *| ' ?* Maa < «" 
that this condition assu c t ,e "^ ° f " fferin *- but 

happiness than ever rJ^^^^TT^ <* 
m the middle of the nineteenth centu and "a n ° F •°" 
tific question, aside even from ti ' a Purely scien- 

wrapped up b « it is l lfi tW mome " ,0 « s consequences JL 
to the nog" was'^W ** ***** W ** iu »*■* ' 

Hitherto the specific character of the no™ hi- „„♦ , • 
vesfgated , indeed the whole question of ,1 ^ " '"" 

yet to be explored. human races "» 

i^^^frt ack ; Somme,i " g tte Ca ™-. 

professed 'to taSSg&K^*?* ^ ° ih ™- ^ 

enquired int'o relat '°" 3 *° < Mh 0t, ' er < ha ™ *>t '-en 

The author of this publication has devoted several rear - f, 

Strippiag off the skin of the negro he m-onn o • f i 

hlood S r-n 'tbc c o tfTe £?££ * "f g,0b '" ° f 
to the senses — thJ it ' , gr035er facts ' P*'P»Ue 

tible as ol' ^ " 0ngl " a1 ' "'^'-able, and i,,de true- 
tiblc, as long as the present order of creation itself lasts-- 



that the physical structure of the race is necessarily and per- 
petually linked with corresponding faculties, capabilities, wants, 
necessiti es^ in short, with a specific nature, and is thus designed 
by the Almighty Creator for corresponding purposes, or a so- 
cial position harmonizing with those wants, etc. ; — that there- 
fore all the charges against the social system of the South, 
being based on false assumptions, are themselves necessarily 
false ; — that so-called slavery is neither a " wrong" nor an 
" evil,"' nor is its extension dangerous, but that it is a normal 
condition, a natural relation, based upon the " higher law," in 
harmony with the order, progress, and general well-being of 
the superior one, and absolutely essential to the very existence 
of the inferior race. 

In the discussion of this subject, of course no issue is made 
with Abolitionism, or with abolitionists per se. They but em- 
brace notions common throughout the North, and while made 
up of materials not likely to disturb the peace or order of so- 
ciety, unknown to themselves perform an important public ser- 
vice ; for their very efforts to practicalize what are generally 
admitted to be abstract truths, serve only to show that these 
abstractions are falsehoods. 

It was designed to publish in book form, but by the advice 
of friends the present mode has been adopted as the best and 
readiest means of getting the results of these investigations 
before the public. The present number, though giving a brief 
summary of all the points discussed, is merely preliminary, and 
will be followed by another, about the first of January, detail- 
ing the facts on which present assumptions are based. After 
that a number will be issued monthly, until the whole work, 
embracing some 400 pages octavo, is completed. 

In conclusion, the writer begs to say to the reader, that he 
puts forward no claims to mere scholarship or fine writing ; 
that in the exposition, the test and demonstration of facts of 
transcendent importance, not only to twenty millions of white 
men and the cause of civilization on this continent, but to the 
well-being, the very existence of the inferior race in our midst, 
he is anxious only to be understood : while indifferent, perhaps 
even careless, as regards style or mere forms of expression. 



4 

But however defective in a literary point of view, or however 
he may fail from want of ability to impress those facts, and 
the conclusions that legitimately belong to then^jrpon the 
minds of others, or whatever resistance ignorance, superstition. 
popular credulity, or the mental habitudes of classes of men 
may oppose to their reception, he cannot doubt the final re- 
sult, — for they are truths eternal and indestructible as time it- 
self :— and moreover, it is the interest of every patriotic citi- 
zen and true American, North and South, to accept them. 

"HP 



V. 



•**-S*» 






NEGROES AND NEGRO "SLAVERY." 

THE FIRST, AN INFERIOR RACE— THE LATTER, ITS NORMAL CONDITION. 



INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. 

CAUSES OF POPULAR DELUSION ON THE SUBJECT. 

General ignorance of organization — Absurd notions of equality or " equal 
rights " — Mistaking the permanent condition of inferior for primitive or 
transition stages of superior Races — Ignorance of physiological law of inter- 
union ; results of the law, American Democracy — Departures or evasions, 
European Royalism — Violations, Mulattoism or Hybridism — Confounding 
natural with artificial distinctions or the laws of nature with the results of 
social and governmental contrivances — Ccmsequences — Conclusion. 

The origin of mankind, their descent from a single pair, (Adam and Eve,) 
thus constituting a single race or species; or whether in common with the 
animals and plants that surround them, they were (orignally) created in several 
localities or centres of existence ; and therefore are made up of several distinct 
species ; though long a question of interest to a few scientific inquirers, has 
only quite recently been of general interest to mankind at large. 

It suited the political interests of European governments to confound the 
distinctions of classes with those of nature — the results of social or political 
contrivances with the works of the % Creator ; while the general belief or the 
general understanding of the Mosaic account of Creation, together with the 
almost universal ignorance prevailing on this subject, has been sufficient to 
determine the question theoretically in favor of the common origin, and there- 
fore the common equality, of all mankind, however widely separated in fact, or 
however contradictory to experience and common sense. Thus it has only 
been, within a few years past, that the accumulation of scientific facts have 
become so overwhelming, and their reconciliation with the single-pair theory 
so utterly impossible, that naturalists have been compelled to dissent from it 
altogether, and to follow the facts of science, with the confident assurance, 
however, that that which is really true is best, and should be known. Among 
those whose love of truth is sufficient to overcome preconceived opinion, is an 



6 

eminent Boston professor ; but even this gentlemen, with all his learning, fur- 
nishes another example so often witnessed among all classes of men, of shrink- 
ing from declaring the whole truth, when such declaration contradicts received 
opinion, or conflicts with popular prejudice. While presenting facts and argu- 
ments that demonstrate, beyond doubt, that man forms no exception to those 
general laws that govern the organic world, and must therefore have come into 
being in several localities or centres of existence, like the animals and plants 
that surround him. Professor Agassiz yet seems especially anxious to declare 
that diversity of origin has no necessary connexion with diversity of species ; 
or that while men were originally created in separate centres of existence, they 
may constitute only a single and uniform race. We do not desire to contest, 
or contradict, any opinion of so eminent a personage, or of a man who has 
done so much, and is still doing so much for the cause of science, and therefore 
for the cause of humanity ; but we cannot avoid saying that such a supposition 
is as uaphitosophical as it is untrue in fact. There are but few animals of the 
same species, of the higher organized classes, on different continents, or at 
remote distances, and those most probably carried there by man's migrations. 
Why create in separate localities at all, except to conform to and harmonize 
with the external world about them ? Why, above all, create man a single 
and uniform species in separate localities, with ample powers of migration, 
which enables him to transfer himself from one of these centres of existence 
to another with perfect ease ? Would not such be indeed a work of superero- 
gation ? 

Technically, or in a certain sense, the question of origin, it may be said, does 
not govern that of the diversity of the human races ; but as the latter is the 
only one of practical importance, and the former of no consequence whatever, 
except as a means for determining these diversities, it is unfortunate that Pro- 
fessor Agassiz did not rise above the prejudices of Boston, and boldly grapple 
with the real question at once. 

The question of the origin of mankind, isolated from that of races — the 
specific differences, and the relative capabilities of the several forms of man — 
is as perfectly useless to mankind at large, as would be a knowledge of the first 
moments of his own existence to the individual. The individual man needs 
to know who are his parents, his brethren, his relationship to those about 
him ; for on this knowledge depend his duties, as it also involves his rights. 
While, where he was born, or when he was born ; at what moment, or in 
what house ; unless as the means for determining his individuality, is of 
no manner of consequence. So, too, with the several races of men : when 
they were created — whether six thousand years ago, or sixty thousand years 
ago — in the centre of Asia, or in the several localities where history finds 
them — is of no consequence whatever, except as the means of determining 
their specific character ; while, on a knowledge of the latter depend the rights, 
as well as the duties, of the several races to each other ; and with ourselves, 
surrounded or mixed up with two separate and distinct races, one interlaced, 
as it were, with our whole social fabric, and the other at no distant day threat- 
ening to become so, this knowledge is of transcendent importance 



7 

The Creator has hidden from the individual both the beginning and the 
end of his existence. We see and feel the wisdom and beneficence of this 
provision. Were it otherwise, could we know the first moments of " puling 
infancy," and the last moments of " mortal agony," life would be divested of 
all its blessings ; but while this knowledge is forever hidden from us, while 
the individual man can never know his actual origin, of himself, or by himself, 
such are the laws and relations, or conditions of human existence, that his 
actual identity, his family relationship, all that is necessary to his happiness, 
his rights, or the performance of his duties to those of his blood, as are per- 
fectly attainable as if he had been endowed with matured reason at the mo- 
ment of birth. The individual is a type of his race ; and whatever is true, 
or natural, or inherent in the individual man, is also common to the race or 
equally true of the aggregate. Thus, while the race may never know its ori- 
gin or starting point, any more than its death or final termination, it can, never- 
theless, determine with as entire certainty its identity, its specific character, its 
relationship to other races, and the rights as well as responsibilities that are 
involved, as can the individual man his family relationship. And it is as en- 
tirely within the scope of our knowledge to understand and define our true re- 
lations to the other races of this continent, to determine what are our own 
rights, as well as what are our duties to the Negro or Indian inhabiting it 
with us, as can an individual those rights or duties that attach to his individual 
existence. 

Commencing with the simpler forms of organized existence, and ascending 
in the scale till reaching the Caucasian man, (the most elaborate in his struc- 
ture, and therefore the highest endowed in his faculties,) all intermediate in the 
series, whether human or brute, Mongolian or Negro, Ourau-Outau, or Chim- 
panzee, are alike subject to classification, as well as the lowest and simplest 
forms of organic life. Indeed a classification founded upon positive facts, and 
a true knowledge of the specific differences in human races, is a work of less 
difficulty than it is in the simple forms ; for the superadded moral nature of 
the former furnishes additional facts for our guidance. Throughout the whole 
world of organic existence there is a perfect adaptation of means and ends, 
and the structural arrangement of each species, or each original and permanent 
creation, is in perfect harmony with its faculties and the purposes assigned to 
it by the Creator. This is a truth equally palpable in the organization of the 
individual ; those organs, most elaborate and complex in their structure, are 
those performing the most important functions. Thus the heart, the centre of 
the vital functions, is comparatively simple in its structure ; while the brain, 
the centre of the animal, as well as the intellectual functions, is wonderfully 
complex. Thus, too, the sense of sight is performed through an exceedingly 
complex and exquisitely delicate apparatus, while the organism of locomotion 
is comparatively simple. 

This great and fundamental law of organized life pervades the whole world 
of animated being, and serves as a positive and unmistakable test or admea- 
surement of the character and relations of all the innumerable seiies that com- 
pose it. In precise proportion to the complexity of an organ in the human 



body is the importance of function; precisely too as is the complexity of 
structural arrangement in any species, whether human or animal, so, too, if the 
superiority of faculties in such species, and elevation of purpose^ assigned to it 
by the Creator. In nothing, perhaps, is this truth more palpable than in the 
case of woman ; who, with a tar more elaborate and exquisitely organized 
nervous system than man, has also finer moral perception as well as more deli- 
cate sensibilities, while her muscular system and organs of locomotion, neces- 
sary alone to mere physical power, are infinitely inferior to the other sex. The 
facta of organic life, its laws of development, its necessities, and in the more 
elevated forms of the human races, its rights, as well as the duties that attach 
to it, that are indeed inseparable from it, are so little studied or understood even 
by educated persons, that nothing is more common than for such to lecture 
the public on the duty, of forcing their civilization or modes of action on other 
races Thus an American Secretary of State will talk learnedly about some 
races who, amalgamating with others, beget a mongrel breed, utterly good for 
nothing, while others with an aptitude for amalgamation, beget a more vigorous 
and progressive race, than either of the originals. How near a truth, and yet 
' what an immense distance from it ! Had the orator of the Colonization So- 
ciety said that amalgamation with separate races of men, as ourselves and the 
Negro, is followed by a mongrel brood, however superior mentally to the Negro, 
yet vastly inferior to the white, and as certain to perish as the mule, or any 
other hybrid generation ; but that amalgamation with the Irishman or German, 
or any other variety of our own species or race, would be followed by a more 
Vigorous stock than either of the originals, he would have declared an eternal 
tnitk. But we may also say, had he known this truth, he would not have been 
the orator of the Colonization Society, or if so. his lecture would have been 
very different indeed from that absurd effort to convince his audience that they 
were bound to go to work, and compel the different and mfenorhj organized 
Negro to perform the functions of the Caucasian ; that two widely separated 
organizations, differently endowed and differently designed by Almighty power, 
should be compelled by human force to exercise the same faculties, and perform 
the same purposes ; a supposition about as rational, and as much dependent on 
fact, as that a watch and saw-mill are equally designed to measure time, or that 
elephants and mice should catch their prey, or supply themselves with lood m 
exactly the same manner. 

Not many centuries since, ignorance of organization doomed women to a 
degraded, almost brutal position ; and at this moment, throughout Christendom, 
with the exception of the United States, the rights, as also the duties ol her 
sex, are imperfectly comprehended. Thus an English or European peasant 
will harness his wife with his donkey, and compel her to perform the grossest 
drudgery ; and a European gentleman will drive from her seat in the coach or 
car a delicate and fragile woman, and with equal readiness grove ,n the dust 
before another, when he discovers that she is a Queen or a Duchess though 
the first may be of his own race and the latter the wife of a Uaytien Negro, or 
the daughter of a Mosquito Indian. On the contrary, an American, no mat. 
ter what his social position, or political importance, that would refuse to give 



up his seat to a woman, however humble her condition, would be universally 
despised — indeed would lose caste as a man. This difference between an 
American and a European is no accident or caprice of public manners, but 
only the result of higher intelligence in the case of the former. It is not to the 
individual woman that respect is paid, but to the sex— to that delicaf i and 
fragile organization which appeals to the noblest instincts of the rougher and 
stronger manhood, and is bused on clearer conceptions, and a wider knowledge 
of the true relations that naturally exist between the sexes. .It is often said 
that Christianity has changed the relations and elevated the position of the 
female sex ; but it would be more correct to say that increased knowledge of 
her true nature has thus elevated her. In barbarous times, eveu among the 
Bomans, she was but little better than a slave, doomed to perform the drudg- 
ery of labor : she was rarely permitted, even in the patrician class, to be the 
companion, and never the equal of man : but with the increase of knowledge, 
with clearer conceptions of her real nature, her delicately organized nervous 
system, and her feeble muscular powers, her relations to the other sex have un- 
dergone an important change : thus it may be said, that in precise proportion 
to the intelligence of a nation will be its regard and respect for its women. 
The same ignorance of organization, which in its blind fanaticism would com- 
pel the Negro, or would seek to compel the Negro, with his different aud in- 
ferior organization, to perform the functions of the white man, also busies 
itaelf about " woman's rights," and true to the instincts of barbarism, would 
force her to perform the functions of the other sex — to be captains of steam- 
boats and bricklayers, as well as housekeepers, or directors of the nursery — 
indeed the advocates of " human rights," and " woman's rights," are from very 
necessity associated together, and the delusion in one case is certain also to 
exist in the other. In Europe, except perhaps in France, the masses, kept 
in profound ignorance of their own nature, look upon those who govern them, 
their Kings and nobles, as a superior creation ; and many amongst ourselves 
with somewhat of the same notions hanging about their minds, think that 
equality or " equal rights" is some abstract principle that has been discovered 
in modern times, and capable of universal application : thus they are shocked 
at the (to them) seeming injustice of withholding it from negroes and women, 
and insist on its immediate application to them. Instead of ." equality" being 
a principle, or modern discovery, it is simply a fact which has existed from the 
first creation of man. All men created equal, or all the forms of existence that 
are organized alike, are equal : thus " equality" is a fact, while those created 
unlike, are unequal ; and to seek to contradict this, to force the Negro to an 
" equality" with the white man, or to compel the women to exercise the rights, 
and consequently to perform the duties of the other sex, is equally a violation 
of the fact of " equality," as it is an outrage on nature. 

Each specific organization or form of existence, with its distinct physical 
structure, is abo endowed with specifie or distinct faculties, and designed by 
the Creator for specific purposes. To disregard this, to demand the same 
rights, and compel the same duties, to say that the inferiorly organized and 
inferiorly endowed Negro shall be a member of Congress, while the superiorly 



10 

organized white man shall black boots ; or the former a professor in college, 
while the latter hoes cotton ; or that a system shall be brought to bear upon 
them to force an equality, when nature has made none, and permits none, is a 
contradiction of all the laws of organic existence, and as entirely beyond the 
power of man to effect, as the attempt to do so is repugnant to reason. 

So too with woman : with a distinct organization, endowed with distinct 
and peculiar faculties, and designed for distinct and peculiar purposes, those 
who would seek to force her out of, or beyond her sphere — to compel her to 
study law, or command a steamboat, as well as nurse a baby, or cook a dinner 
— would equally violate nature, and inflict an outrage upon her. Each sex, 
like each species, has with its peculiar organization distinct duties and pur- 
poses to fulfil ; and the harmony and well-being of all can only be accomplished 
When these are understood and acted upon ; and when men become sufficiently 
acquainted with themselves to know that all of the same race or species are 
eqtidi in fact, they will insist upon "equal rights;" or that the Negro or other 
inferior races are unequal to themselves, they will insist that they shall not have 
the same rights with themselves ; and comprehending the true relations of the 
sexes, they will also demand that the rights and duties of each shall be in con- 
formity with these relations. 

To violate these laws — to say because the Negro has certain general resem- 
blances to the white man, or that the female has some qualities resembling the 
other sex, that the same rules shall apply to them universally ; is not only to 
fight against progress and the nature of things, but would be a rapid stride 
towards barbarism. Indeed, in such an absurd application of inherent right 
or " equality" there is no stopping place in the whole organism of nature. If 
women must exercise the "rights," and perform the duties of men, (for the 
two things are inseparable,) why not children ? Certainly a boy of twelve 
or fourteen years of age has as strong muscles, and is as capable of manual 
labor and has a capacity to perform the duties of men, as well as most 
females. As a physiological fact, there is no positive boundary between men 
and animals ; and though the Negro is further separated from the " Ouran 
Outan" than he is from the white or Caucasian man, the actual difference 
between the latter is as distinct, or rather it is a fact, as well as the former. 
Again ; the white, or Caucasian man, as well as the Negro, has some qual- 
ities in common, not only with the Simiadae, but with the whole Mammalia, 
and remotely even with still lower forms of organized life. Thus the whole 
world of organism is bound together in one continuous chain ; though the 
links in that chain are distinct and specific, and as plain and comprehensible to 
human reason as they are wisely and beuelkcntly designed by the Creator. 

Where, with these facts before us, can we or should we stop ? The Negro 
has not only more in common with us than he has with the Ournn-Outan, 
but really has nothing in common with the latter that we ourselves have not, 
except that he has these common qualities more prominently ; but should we 
therefore attempt, in all respects, to make the Negro our equal, and deny to 
the Ouran-Outan everything? Or rather, should we not, in conformity with 
the eternal and immutable facts of nature, grant to the Negro all that he pos- 



11 



Besses in common with us, and no more; and to the Ouran-Outan, and still 
m enour creatures, what belong to them, or have consideration for them to ^ 
extent that they approximate to ns? Unfortunately, the distinctions that 
separate, yet bind closely together, all the speaes of men, have St^W 
tigated or understood, and a few general resemblances have been conrTndS 

lel^^t^ 

For a long time the specific distinctions, and therefore the proper uses of 
ammals, were similarly misunderstood. Even the Caucasian L oncers 1 
the horse for food instead of labor; and yet among Mongolia nations hor 
meat s regularly sold m tteir markets. A few general resemblances, or acci- 
dental commences, have mdeed governed the world. An ignorant old woman 
has found a patient to recover from chill-fever, though nothing has been done 
except to cut as many notches in a stick as the patient has Lf pa" 
and stra.ghtway she becomes a great fever doctor, and her skill trustedTn 
by respectable people. So, too, ignorance of organization, the L^ qua T 
ties, and therefore the proper uses of animals, and the specific SieTof 
human have ^ misuuderstood . a f JJLTTjl 

dental circumstances are alone seen; and ignorant self-sufficiency jlpTto 
he c nclu.on that notches in a stick will cure chill-fever as well L c 2 ne 
that the horse was made for food instead of labor; and that white men and 

ss^sar for the excrcise ° f the - ^ -* * * " 

If the Creator had designed the horse for food, he would have created him 
differently, and, instead of the tough and stringy muscles so apZSL ™ 
strength and swiftness, would have constructed him with referencefn t 
digestion. And if he had designed the Xegro for Wtme^E 5* 
wh.te or Caucas.au man, he would have given him the same fecdtie^o 
rather we should say, he would not have been created at all JX 1"! 
fact that he ex,sts is decisive of the will and intention of the Creator In 
Europe where women are placed at the head of nations and ruleov ,' mH- 
icnsof men and where their husbands, whom nature places at the h Id of 
he household, stand behind their chairs, to receive their orders, thus ouSnl 
common sense as much as nature herself, and where fathers kiss the 1 ds of 
then- own offspring as their slaves or subjects, « women's rights" should flour 
^ in such congenial soil: for the more the laws of nature° are viS and 
reason trampled under foot, the longer such a « system" may b tU 
Or, when the minions in profound ignorance of their rights, JL uot^itted 
o enjoy the tenth part of the proceeds of their labor! while L£jS£ 
(men hke themselves) live in idle and extravagant luxurv at their xpn^ 

the Negro to that same level which the millions occupv, would be actively 
advocated ; for here too, as in the case of family relation, .'the more the law of 
nature are trampled upon, the longer those- who profit by su h cotl itiu o 
things may hope to retain them. condition 01 

But in the United State., among a people almost universally educated, and 



12 

where the fact of " equality" is almost uuiversally understood, and acted on 
personally as well as politically, the advocacy of woman's " equality" in the 
sense that they argue it, or "equality" of the Negro to the white man in any 
sense whatever, is inexcusable on the ground of ignorance ; and those thus 
warring against the laws of nature and the progress of society deserve to be 
treated as Its enemies— or as absolute maniacs, and irresponsible for the evils 
they seek to inflict upon it. 

Unknown probably to themselves, they are the dupes and tools of the ene- 
mies of Democratic institutions ; and if their monstrous crusade against the 
harmony of nature, as well as the progress of society could be successfully 
carried out, the nation would not only go back to the anti-progressive and 
brutalizing "system" of Europe, and the masses degenerate again into the 
wretched serfs or slaves of kings and aristocrats, but intermingling their blood 
with an inferior race, and turning their men into women and their women into 
men, they would become the most degraded and contemptible assemblage of 
mongrels— of monster women and emasculated men, ever known upon the face 

of the earth. 

To effect this result-at any rate to hold in check the tendency of democratic 
ideas, to sustain and prolong its own existence, its sway and control over the 
masses, European monarchism, especially the British portion of it, originated 
the " idea" of " free negroism," and a crusade in favor of inferior races. Its 
design was two-fold : first, as an antagonism for holding in check the progress 
of the American Democracy : and, in the second place as a false issue fo its 
own oppressed masses. It began with Johnson, Wilberforce, Pitt, and others 
of the most bigoted school of British tories ; and though some well-meaning 
but deluded persons, like Fox and Sheridan, gave it their support, as a general 
thin- both in Europe and America, those most bigoted, and most hostile to 
the freedom and equality of their own race have been its especial advocates. 
The time perhaps has not yet arrived to estimate this "negro" movement 
at its true value; but it will come, and when it does. British - philanthropy, 
« human freedom," " emancipation.' " abolition," or whatever it may be termed 
will be known, as it is mfact, the widest spread imposture, and the vilest iraud 
ever practised on human credulity. 

To carry on this imposture, the theory of a single race was absolutely essen- 
tial • for on that alone bangs no1 only the merit of British -philanthropy,' 
but 'the character of the British Government; indeed, the continued rule ol 
the British aristocracy. Thus there has been brought to its support an extent 
or amount of literary ability, of perverted science, of political, social, moral, 
and even religious influence, unexampled in history; and the actual fads SO 
plain and simple that anyone might investigate and thoroughly comprehend 
them in far less time than it would require to read a Negro novel or an aboli- 
tion report, have been kept hidden from millions of men whose dearest interests 
are directly dependent on a true knowledge of them. 

The reaction of these efforts is felt amongst ourselves. British books and 
British writers are standard authorities with a portion of oar people Ihus, 
the reasoning however absurd' or the assumption of facts however unlounded, 



13 

is never disputed or inquired into. The very terras of freedom and slavery are 
wholly perverted ; and in the eyes of this misguided portion of our people, the 
British aristocracy the most deadly, as the most powerful enemy of liberty, ia 
believed to be its especial and reliable champion. Of the many absurd and 
far-fetched comparisons relied on to sustain their theory of a single race, and 
consequent " equality" of the negro, that which assumes an identity between 
the infancy of a superior race and the present condition of au inferior one, has 
been most resorted to. Thus, remembering that their ancestors were once 
savages or unbelieving Pagans — or at any rate, according to Bulwer, got along 
without the aid of pantaloons — they assume that they were exactly in the same 
social condition as are now the woolly haired or typical tribes in the interior of 
Africa, and that circumstances or opportunities are alone needed to enable the 
latter to become the equals of the modern Britons. 

Eveu Hamilton Smith, generally as sound in his reasonings, as correct in 
his facts, is constrained by the abolition sentiment of his countrymen to give 
in his adhesion to this ridiculous parallel ; while Pritchard and others exalt 
it into a positive proof of their favorite theory of a single race ; when in truth 
the facts which they thus rely upon, even if admitted to be true — that is, if 
the ancient Britons were, socially considered, in the exact condition of the 
typical Africans of our times — the fact would be a fatal objection to their 
theory. But there is not, nor can there be, any parallel between them. The 
ancient Britons were not heathens, in the sense given to that term in our times. 
The Romans called all other nations beside themselves barbarians, and thus 
applied that term to the Britons; but there could be but little, if any, resem- 
blance between their condition and that of the typical Africans, or that of the 
dark races found on the islands of the Pacific. They were doubtless emigrants 
from the continent, and must have carried with them a portion of the art and 
intelligence of the continental communities ; and the simple fact of working 
the metals, of having manufactures, ot drawing huge chains across the entran- 
ces or outlets of their rivers to exclude the Roman invaders, shows conclusively 
that they were infinitely advanced beyond those wretched tribes in the interior 
of Africa, or the islands of the South Seas, who thousands of years after 
that event have not the slightest idea of working metals, and whose highest 
advancement in art is to fashion their spear-heads from wood or the bones of 
fishes. 

Compared with the polished Romans, the primitive Celts of the British 
islands were doubtless only half civilized ; but from the remains of Druidical 
monuments, and the accounts of Roman historians themselves, there is abundant 
evidence to show that they bore no resemblance to the black or brown races 
that under the name of heathens enlist such a large share of misguided benevo- \ 
lence in modern times. Indeed, from the very ( arliest moments of authentic 
history to the present day, there has never been an instance where any branch 
or portion of the white or Caucasian race lias been found in a state of heat/ienr 
ism, in the modern sense of that term ; and it may also be said that there has 
never been found any dark race except in that condition. 

Some branches of the foamer race have been at times more advanced than 



14 

others, as some, of the black or olivaceous races have been more barbarous 
than others ; but giving the term heathen exactly its modern meaning, no 
white heathens have ever been known to exist, as no branch or tribe of the 
dark races has ever been discovered that was not such. This single fact is 
sufficient to show not only the original differences of the races, but the im- 
mense natural superiority of the white race, and to show also the blind, how- 
ever well-meaning inhumanity, which prompts deluded persons to become 
missionaries to inferior races, under the mistaken notion that they are doing 
them a benefit, when, in fact, they are simply destroying them, by forcing upon 
them ideas and habitudes unnatural, and indeed impossible to them : the truth 
of which may now be seen in the Sandwich and other islands, where the infe- 
rior race has fallen a victim to this well-meaning but misguided proselytism. 
We do not desire to cast any unkind or ungenerous aspersions on those well- 
meaning but deluded persons who engage in what is termed missionary labor ; 
but the truth must be out some time or other, and the sooner the better, 
especially for the victims of the delusion. It does not follow that the inferior 
races, or those in our times termed heathens, may not, under certain circum- 
stances, receive Christianity. Its divine truths are suited for any and every 
degree of mental condition — to the feble child, as well as the philosopher ; but 
the civilization, the ideas, the mental habitudes of the Caucasian race, are as 
impossible to the Negro organization or the Negro faculties, or the multitudes 
of heathens of the Pacific islands, as the most abstruse problems of mathema- 
tics are to the capacities of an infant ; and when forced upon them, or sought 
to be forced upon them, as certainly end in their destruction, as it would destroy 
an animal to exercise faculties, or to force upon it the habits of another sped 
ficalhj different. 

The results of missionary efforts demonstrate this truth beyond all doubt. 
In some parts of India or Chiua, or elsewhere, where a portion of the popu- 
lation is Caucasian, they have made a few permanent converts ; but in every 
single instance where these converts have been of a different race, they have 
relapsed into heathenism ; or, (as in the Sandwich islands, and universally with 
our Indian tribes, where the ideas of the white man predominate.) the converts, 
or rather the victims, perish. Thus that mistaken and perverted benevolence, 
which, turning its back upon the mass of ignorance, and vice, and misery of its 
own race, traverses seas and continents to waste itself on impossibilities, has 
undoubtedly committed greater injuries- than it has conferred benefits upon the 
objects of its labors. 

AVhile, however, there is no correspondence, and but little resemblance, be- 
tween the condition of the ancient Britons and the present typical African, it 
is true that the latter is a type of the early, or supposed early, social condition 
of our own race. Although we do not possess any actual knowledge on the 
subject, it is believed that the hunter profession or condition was the com- 
mencing or starting-point of the Caucasian man ; but this (to us) transition 
state is natural and permanent with the Negro. Thus, had the ancient Britons 
been the perfect heathens which their descendants, in order to make up a case 
for the Negro, assume them to have been, the fundamental differences between 



15 

the races is strikingly manifested in the fact, that while the Briton has carried 
his name and power and civilization over a large portion of the earth, the 
Negro remains at this moment where both stood two thousand years ago. 
And while, if the British language and British ideas, or the results of British 
progress, were instantly annihilated or stricken out of being, the whole world 
would be left in comparative darkness ; yet the entire Negro race might be 
stricken out of existence, without disturbing the intellectual welfare of man- 
kind ; or, beyond the mere human instinct that might shudder at this destruc- 
tion of physical existence, have any more influence on the moral world than the 
destruction of all the horses, or of any race of animals. 

Again : were the Negro of to-day like the Briton of two thousand years 
ago, why has the former stood still, while the latter has made such wonderful 
progress ? The assertion that the Negro only requires opportunity to mani- 
fest capacity for progress, aside from the physiological impossibility in the 
case, is historically disproved ; for whatever the degree or extent of British 
savageism at the time of the Roman invasion, the Britons were far less favored 
by circumstances than the Negro. Indeed it is difficult to find any race or 
nation so favored by circumstances as the typical African. He was in direct 
and immediate contact with Egyptian, Carthaginian, and Roman civiliza- 
tion — with the earliest forms and conditions of human improvement, and sur- 
rounded with art and intelligence, with the highest manifestations of the 
human intellect, centuries before the Anglo-Saxon, or indeed any modern 
branch of the Caucasian race, had emerged from barbarism. But while wit- 
nessing, he had no connexion with this early civilization, or, if he had, it was 
exactly such a connexion as he has with us at the present time. There is no 
instance to be found in all history, where any branch of the Negro race, or any 
tribe, or even an individual, has been civilized, in the sense we generally un- 
derstand that term. Their relations to the Egyptians and afterwards to the 
Carthaginians, were those of involuntary, or rather we should say voluntary 
servitude ; for there is no instance where the race in its pure form ever fought 
a battle for its independence, or contested the natural supremacy of the Cau- 
casian. 

Centuries before the British islands became Christian, the Negro was under 
the full blaze and within the very focus of Christianity. Before there was a 
Pope of Rome, or a Bishop in Britain, African (Caucasian) Bishops might be 
counted by scores : thus, instead of requiring circumstances only or opportunities 
for manifesting equal capacity for progress with the descendants of the ancient 
Britons, the Negro has not only had greater opportunity for improvement than 
has the Briton, but infinitely more than any of the nations of modern Europe. 
The Negro has however remained throughout all these changes and mutatious 
of other races exactly the same — either a heathen or a servant, either a nomad 
or wauderer of the desert, existing as an animal of prey on snails and bugs, or 
within the precincts of civilized life in that natural subordination to superior 
races assigned him by the hand of nature. And to say that because the white 
man may once (as a transition state) have been a nomad or hunter, as well as 
the Negro, that therefore the latter only requires opportunity to manifest 



16 

equal capacity for progress as the former, is as absurd a?! it would be to say 
that the Negro at the South may yet rival his master, because he has as much 
capacity now, as the former had when a child. 

Another notion much more common, however, with Europeans than our 
selves, attributes the differences in races, or those that distinguish whites and 
negroes, to some such causes as those producing the Durham and other choice 
kinds of cattle. Pritchard the most eminent among the single-pair theorists, 
after much doubt and difficulty was compelled however to give this up, and in 
fact every other hypothesis on the subject, and finally to declare that the causes 
whatever they were, were beyond human detection ; a sage conclusion truly, 
but made still more absurd by afterwards suggesting the possibility of some 
'occult atmospheric chemistry. The crossing of varieties which produce 
improved stocks or breeds of cattle is a plain and simple affair. The more 
extensively the branches or varieties of the same nice or species are crossed 
or amalgamated with others, the more perfect the product. This is a great 
physiological law, as true with man as with the inferior animals; thus those 
communities or nations who mingle their blood most extensively with other 
nations or branches of their own race will always be the most energetic and 
powerful. 

The best example of this in ancient times is seen in the Romans, who, from 
a mere band of outlaws, became the most powerful people recorded in history. 
They were originally adventurers, filibusters, vagabonds, from all the surround- 
ing tribes or communities ; who after laying the foundation of their city, stole 
their wives of the Sabines, and. thus still more extensively crossing their blood, 
built up that magnificent nationality that governed the world two thousand 
years, and which finally decayed and fell to pieces for the want of that very 
thing Avhich originated their greatness, quite as much perhaps as from any 
other cause. 

When conquering the surrounding nations, all of whom were of the same 
race as themselves, instead of amalgamating with them, and thus preserving 
their energy and power by crossing their blood, they made slaves of them. 
Thus, in the latter days of the empire, when all political power passed from 
the hands of the plebians, and the Roman nobility or patrician order, (like 
the European nobility of the present day.) became a sort of close corporation, 
intermingling their blood only within their order, the empire rapidly declined, 
and the name of Roman finally became as contemptible as it had once been 
formidable. 

Never before, however, has the result of admixtures of the same race been 
so remarkably manifested as at the present moment in the United States. 
Here, all the varieties and sub-varieties of the Caucasian race — the Celtic, 
Germanic, Sclavonic, and their off-shoots the English, Irish, French, Spanish, 
Prussian, Polish, Hungarian, etc., mingle their blood in a common reservoir 
and have already laid the foundation of an empire unparalleled in its material 
growth, or the enterprise and energy of its people. Even with the purely 
native population, the tesults of admixture is strikingly displayed. Thus, New 
York, with its extensive intermixture of Dutch and New England people, has 



17 

the most vigorous and enterprising population of any of the old States ; and 
the two vast columns of emigrants constantly moving westward from the old 
Puritan and Cavalier States, mingling their blood together in the valley of 
the Mississippi, has resulted in forming a population which, in all the essentials 
of true manhood, of bravery, enterprise, high and chivalrous sense of honor, 
of patriotism, and devotion to freedom, is unequalled and unapproachable 
on the face of the earth. While the results of extensive intermarrying or 
amalgamations of varieties are thus manifest, and conformity to the physiologi- 
cal law attended with such wide-spread benefits to the nations or communities, 
or indeed individuals, that obey it, a departure or a violation of it is equally 
marked in the punishment that nature always inflicts on those who disobey her 
laws. 

In regard to the first or a mere departure from the law, European " royal- 
ism" presents a striking instance. 

Assuming to be superior to the masses of their own race, they intermarry 
within their royal circle : and a time soon comes when, from beiug equal, they 
become absolutely inferior to those they govern. Thus, with the exception 
of the Bonapartes and Bernadottes, and possibly the royal family of Russia, 
all the kings and queens of the day are naturally considerered inferior to the 
most degraded portion of the populations they rule over. It may be difficult, 
perhaps, to determine the precise point where this inferiority commences, or 
the extent of it : but of the fact itself there is no doubt whatever. Nor does 
the punishment stop with mere mental inferiority ; the whole physical structure 
is equally involved ; ^lsanity, or more often perhaps idiocy, scrofula, epilepsy, 
the most frightful, as the most disgusting of human diseases, become heir-looms 
in royal families, and, like their crowns and sceptres, are transmitted to their 
contemptible offspring. Finally, as if to stamp upon them an inferiority be- 
yond possibility of mistake, nature dooms them to impotency ; and, like acci- 
dental, hybrid, or monstrous generations, they ultimately perish. The pretence 
so common in Europe of royal or noble persons tracing back their pedigree for 
oountless generations, like everything else connected with this sham humanity, 
is all a fraud. There are doubtless persons among the English aristocracy, 
who fancy themselves the direct and lineal descendants of the companions of the 
conqueror, but who are far more likely to be the descendants of the peasants or 
yeomen of the times of Cromwell, and by the way, have vastly deteriorated 
from that point since. 

Such a thing as lineal descent, or descent of blood instead of name or title, 
beyond a certain point or extent of time, is a physiological impossibility. Thus, 
the present hereditary royalty and nobility of Europe, feeble and emasculated 
as it is, is entirely dependent for what little vitality it actually possesses, to 
legitimate or illegitimate intermarrying with the blood of the people ; and if 
the present royal houses would strictly and in fact, confine their inter-unions 
within their own royal circle, but very few years would elapse before they 
would become totally extinct. 

The violation of the physiological law we are considering, is equally mani- 
fest, as evasion or departures from it ; indeed, intermingling the blood of races 



18 

essentially different, is, in respect to the superior race, at least, attended with 
wider spread mischief than the decay or destruction of royalty, or a class, as 
it involves the destruction of a whole people. It is, in fact, social suicide ; 
and can only under favorable circumstances, or where the superior race 
vastly predominate in numbers, be practised without ending in complete social 
destruction. Its consequences are now to be seen in Mexico, Central America, 
Lower Canada, or wherever amalgamation with the native race ha3 occurred. 
The Spanish conquerors, Cortez, Pizzaro, and the Alvarados, the proudest 
and noblest of the great race to which they belonged, are in our times repre- 
sented by the wretched hybrids and mongrels of the South — more intelligent, 
perhaps, but yet in many respects actually inferior to the inferior race itself. 
By this amalgamation the Spaniards parted with their own superiority, while 
the inferior race has only temporarily gained what the former lost. It is a 
fundamental law, that hybridism must perish ; and no mixed race or acciden- 
tal generation can exist beyond a determinate period : thus the mongrel popu- 
lation of Mexico and Central America, located mainly in the cities, since the 
supply of white blood has been cut off by independence of Spain, rapidly 
declines and falls behind the native race of the rural districts ; and a time must 
come when the former totally disappearing, the native race will return to the 
condition it was at the time of the Spanish conquest, and every thing impressed 
on this continent by the Spaniards as utterly and entirely disappear as if it 
had never existed. The same results, though modified somewhat, may be 
seen in Canada. Here, however, unlike the case of Mexico, the superior race 
predominate in numbers ; and though embarrassed aitl, for the time being 
debased by aborbing the inferior one, ultimately recovers from it ; while Mex- 
ico — indeed all Spanish America — is only protracting a sickly existence to 
end in death, so far as Spanish blood, and Spanish ideas, and Spanish civiliza- 
tion are involved. On the contrary, the Anglo-American, with that high in- 
stinct of superiority that so remarkably distinguishes it from all other branches 
of the Caucasian race, utterly refused all admixture with the aboriginals ; 
and this great fact, instead of Puritan sermons or Puritan morals, or any other 
or all other causes, alone or mainly explains its present superiority. It made 
no compromise with the native race : in deeds, if not in words, they said to the 
natives they must be as they were, or die ; and as the latter would uot, and 
indeed could not, be only as God and nature had made them, they are driven 
first over the Alleghanies, then the Mississippi, again into the recesses of the 
Rocky Mountains ; and now, met by fresh invaders on the Pacific coast, the 
time is probably not distant when they will totally disappear within the 
boundaries of the Union, — a fate universal with all inferior races, when in contact 
with superior ones, unless saved bij the protection of servitude, as at the South, or 
through the ruin of the latter by amalgamation, as in Mexico. Thus, of the 
twenty or twenty-five millions, of American citizens that form the nation, all 
are of pure blood, though interlaced with two other distinct races ; and while 
these twenty millions of pure Caucasians are giviug the greatest possible de- 
velopment to the physiological law of extended crossings or interuniou with their 
own race, that only portion of it (European royalism and hereditary aris- 



19 

tocracy) which is tainted and impoverished, is, together with the inferior 
races, totally excluded ; and none but the noblest and healthiest blood of the 
most elevated of all the human races throbs in the mighty heart of the Ameri- 
can Democracy. 

Instead, then, of the Negro being, as some English and European writers 
have supposed, a product of some kind of amalgamation, or that our own race 
is the result of some remote admixture of other forms of men, it is plain to the 
most unthinking, when they contemplate for a moment the results of admixture 
on this continent, that, while our national energy and greatness is mainly the 
result of wide spread intermixtures with branches or varieties of our own race, 
that energy and that greatness has been alone preserved by our refusal to amal- 
gamate with the Negro or Indian. And it is equally clear if we ever lose the 
instinct of superiority, so as to dilute our blood, and descend to the level of 
the inferior races ; especially, if we ever become so deteriorated as to seek to 
realize Negro " equality," that the same results will follow us ; and though 
vastly predominating in numbers we may never actually die out, as the Span- 
iards are destined to do, yet the physical pollution would be followed by moral 
debasement, fatal to the nation, and finally end in our conquest and subjection 
to some purer branch of our own race. 

The actual condition of European society, however ; the extreme poverty, 
misery, ignorance, and brutishness of the laboring classes ; the enormous 
wealth, luxury, titles, and artificial superiority of the aristocracy — the long 
continuance of this state of things from century to century; and generation 
after genertion — has become so fixed, so impressed upon the mind, almost 
upon the very nature of the people, that they believe it perfectly natural ; and 
having uo other standard by which to judge, suppose the Negro, in some way 
or other, to be as much a product of oppression, of accident, or external cir- 
cumstances, as their own peasantry, or any other depressed and brutalized das* 
among themselves. 

Thus nothing is more common than English writers boasting of the liberality 
of British institutions, because the English peasant, with all his admitted degra- 
dation, is still superior to Negro " slaves ;" and the English laboring classes 
are often seen to contribute from their scanty support, to glorify some abolition 
hero or heroine, under the deplorable delusion that the condition of the negroes 
being worse than their own, they are bound to sympathize with them, and do 
honor to those who would elevate them, or, in other words, who would change 
the nature which the Almghty has given them. 

Utterly ignorant of the Negro — of his nature, of his wants, his capacities — 
assuming him to be like themselves ; that centuries of oppression, of slavery, of 
outrage, has not only crushed his intellect, but blackened his skin and twisted 
his hair — in a word, transformed and deformed his physical as well as intellect- 
ual nature, American " slavery" is, to their ignorant minds and distorted im- 
aginations, a frightful monstrosity. Thus there are, doubtless, multitudes of 
over-worked, famishing wretches, swarming in British factories aud British 
mines, who feel profound gratitude to their kings and nobles who have not yet 
reduced them to the same deplorable condition. There are in England four 



20 

million? of paupers, and ten millions of laborers, to whom the ownership of 
property, whatever may be the theories or abstractions about British freedom, 
&c, is just as impossible, as a fact, as it, is in the ease of Southern negroes 
Most of them are also in a far less favorable position for acquiring intelligence 
than those same Southern -'slaves;"' and there are multitudes of men and 
women and children, whose joints and muscles and skeletons are so distorted by 
excessive labor, by privation and physical suffering, as almost to seem to belonc 
to another race. But all these results of wrong and oppression, frightful and 
monstrous as they are, are nothing in the minds of Englishmen when compared 
with American •• slavery'" or to the oppressions and wrongs supposed to be 
inflicted on the negro, which, according to their notions, have not only crushed 
his intellect below that of the most degraded class of their own population, but, 
in some incomprehensible manner, changed his physical structure, and blackened 
his skin, as well as degraded his mind. Thus are two things, or two condi- 
tions, totally dissimilar, confounded with each other ; and the single fact, that 
the British peasant is vastly superior to the Southern negro, is assumed as 
conclusive proof that he is less oppressed or less wronged ; and British and 
American abolitionists rely mainly upon this fact as the basis of their hostility 
to negro slavery. The delusion in the case consists in confounding the results 
of human contrivances, or of man's oppressions, with the works of the Crea- 
tor. The English peasant is the work of British institutions ; the negro the 
creation of nature. The former artificially degraded; the latter naturally in- 
ferior. 

Of the multitudes of stolid and debased peasants that till the lauds of a 
British " noble," there is probably not a single one who, if taken when in his 
cradle, and bred as the offspring of a Sutherland, but would be his equal ; in 
deed, in view of the physiological deterioration of hereditary aristocracy most 
probably superior to the standard of the noble order ; while the offspring of 
Sutherland, bred in the hovel of the laborer, would, in no respect whatever 
vary from the ordinary standard of peasant life. 

Among the thousands of deformed and brutalized women of the mines of 
Cornwall, except those deformed by scrofulous diseases, and this by the way, 
amid all their filth, and want, and suffering, is not as often the case as amoDg 
the " noble" order— there is not a single one who, had she been exchanged 
with Mrs. Sutherland while in their cradles, but would exhibit all the personal 
graces and mental capacities, if not the " philanthropy," of that interesting 
person. Nor would the latter, excluded from the light of day from very child- 
hood, and compelled to perform the labor of the other sex, as is the fate of these 
unfortunates, differ from them in the slightest particular. 

The law of reparation, or restoration, perpetually in action in the human 
body, which counteracting accidents or external circumstances restores health 
and preserves individual existence, is also in constant action to preserve species 
or original creations ; and no matter what the external circumstances, or what 
the oppression of a ruling class, it is utterly beyond its power to alter the laws 
of nature. It may enact laws of primogeniture, and hedge itself about with 
all manner of fictitious rules or usages ; it may oppress, and starve, and murder. 



21 

even as it has some three millions of Irishmen ; but it cannot change the 
eternal laws of nature in a single particular. The English peasant, and the 
woman of the mines, however deformed or distorted their limbs, or however 
repulsive in their brutal physiognomy, as well as their moral habitudes, only 
become so after their birth, and through the operation of the artificial system 
under which they live. Thus, of all that horde of brutalized womanhood in 
the mines of Cornwall, there is probably not a single one that does not bring 
into the world as perfectly formed children, with all the inherent and natural 
capacity of intellect and of physical beauty, as the females of the ruling class. 
Nature is always true to herself, and permits no departure from that eternal 
type stamped upon the race by the hand of the Almighty. A man may lose a 
limb, or both, or all his limbs, and his offspring will be as perfect as ever ; 
even congenial deformities are not propagated ; monstrosities usually perish, 
or at any rate are incapable of begetting offspring. This law is invariable 
and immutable ; and no morbid or abnormal growth, or departure from the 
original type, is ever permanently possible. Those instances of the trans- 
mission of disease sometimes seen in familes or individuals are no exception. 
A man may violate the physical laws of his own being ; he may be a glut- 
ton, a drunkard, or lecher, and his tainted and diseased blood be transmitted 
to his offspring ; but this is a condition of disease throughout — it is the pun- 
ishment that nature inflicts on those who violate her laws — a process even for 
restoring the normal and healthy order. The descendants of such suffer for 
the sins of their fathers ; but avoiding these sins themselves, and intermingling 
their own with purer blood, all taint or trace of the original sin disappears in 
a generation or two : or if, as in the case of " royalty/' they mingle their 
blood within a limited circle with those as tainted and diseased as themselves, 
they become idiotic and impotent and totally perish. Thus it is, that the 
original form, stamped upon a race or species, is perpetual and invariable. 
The rule or oppression of a class, or of one nation over another, can never, 
in the slightest degree, change or modify its actual nature. It may per- 
vert or cultivate, degrade or elevate, brutalize or improve, a single genera- 
tion ; but all this terminates with such generation, and the succeeding one 
again comes into being just as it came from the hand of God on the morning 
of creation. 

The artificial difference between a British " noble" and a British peasant 
seems, to be sure, immense : the law of primogeniture, and the ten thousand 
other contrivances which produce these differences, can go no farther, how- 
ever, than the life of each. Their offspring again comes into being exactly 
alike, exactly equal ; and again the machinery must be resorted to, to make 
them artificially unlike and unequal. One, from the moment of birth, is sur- 
rounded with every appliance for developing all the mental capabilities ; the 
other, from the moment of birth, is surrounded with all the influences that 
prevent this development. This machinery, worked for centuries, is now 
brought to such perfection, that should some outside power — some Louis 
Napoleon, or American Democracy — invade the country, and retaining the 
Bystem, only change the persons — place the Palmerstons, Stanleys, and Mrs. 



22 

Sutherlands, in the factories and mines, and an equal number of mining 
women and laborers in the castles and palaces of the former, the only percep- 
tible difference in the succeeding generations would be a more vigorous and 
energetic nubility, thus renovated by the stronger and healthier blood of the 
people. 

Iguoraut of this eternal and immutable law of equality, which God has im- 
j : ssed upon all those who belong to the race or species ; and the only depar- 
ture from which is in the very class that assumes to be superior — (and even 
tiiat is only temporarily inferior, for the constant tendencies to idiocy and im- 
poteucy in hereditary royalty or aristocracy, is the process that nature em- 
ploys to get rid of them altogether, and restore the natural order, or healthy 
standard of the species,) Europeans, accustomed to such an artificial and 
unnatural condition of society, actually believe that the " noble' 1 (so called) 
is naturally superior to the peasant. Thus, though they also probably think 
the planter superior to the negro servant in some similar manner, yet the 
peasant, being vastly superior to the negro, is, to them, conclusive proof that 
the oppression of the latter is infinitely greater ; and negro " slavery'' a greater 
outrage on the. natural rights of men than monarchism or the rule of an 
aristocracy. 

But the condition of things at the South has no resemblance whatever to the 
artificial one confounded with it. The negro servant, or ■•slave," taken from 
some Uncle Tom's Cabin, when an infant, and bred in the mansiun of the 
planter, unlike the case of the British peasant, remains the same. He may be 
taken North — to England — may be educated at Oxford, or bred in the family 
of the Sutherlands, and supplied with all the wealth of the Eothschilds; yet 
the whole combined power of mankind will be utterly incompetent to change 
him the millionth part ol an atom. 

To be sure, his intellect will be, or may be, cultivated beyond that usually 
manifested by his race ; but with the same color; the same hair, the same 
formed limbs, the same annualized pelvis, the same small anl receding brain — 
in a word; with the same physical inferiority, will be the same mental inferior- 
ity that the Creator has stamped upon the race. He may. with the fullest 
development of the faculties inherent in his race, together with the imitated 
or borrowed intelligence of the superior one thus forced upon him. seem 
superior to vast multitudes of uncultivated white men. But if of pure negro 
blood, it is as impossible for him to reach the standard capacity of the 
white man, as it is to change any other order or form ol' nature, and as wholly 
beyond the power of human force to accomplish, as it would be to change B 
cow into a horse, or to raise the dead, or, in a word, as to change the color of 
his skin 

The British "noble," the Sutherlands, and people of that kind, with all the 
wealth in their hands, with the thing called government — a mere machine for 
manufacturing paupers ; with the entire Shopacraey, or middle eias.-. as police 
agents to watch and guard tin- people : with a large standing army, while the 
latter are totally disarmed — are yet compelled to resort to fraud and fiction 
to keep up the delusion that they are superior, or that their assumed superi- 



23 

ority is real. Thus they paint and decorate themselves something after the 
fashion of our Indian " medicine men," and with high-sounding titles, keep 
themselves at an immense distance, and employ Hankies, or middle men, who 
affect a profound awe and reverence for this painted and bespangled humanity, 
and thus impress their ignorant dupes with the notion that it is indeed what it 
pretends to be. On the contrary, the southern planter, with a consciousness 
of superiority that would be ashamed to resort to fiction or imposture of any 
kind, takes oil' his coat, and works in the same field and at the same labor as 
his slave. The thought of the latter contesting his superiority never once 
enters his mind. As said by as sound a statesman as gallant soldier of the 
South, •• we no more think of a negro insurrection than we do of a rebellion 
of our cows or horses." The planter rules as naturally as the negro obeys 
instinctively ; the relation between them is natural, harmonious, and necessary, 
and their interests, being indivisible, there can be no cause or motive, either 
for the abuse of power on the part of the master, or of rebellion on the part 
of the servant. Of course there are instances of brutal masters, as in all the 
conditions of life, however natural and harmonious ; there will also be instances 
or exceptions to the contrary. But the fact that there has never been an 
attempt at insurrection of the blacks (for the few instances of murders and 
outrages on some plantations have nothing of the character of an insurrection,) 
and that not a single soldier has ever been employed to preserve order in 
the slave States — with nothing, indeed, but the ordinary constabulary force, 
and that even less than in the free States — is a sufficient proof of the natural- 
ness of the relations which unite so harmoniously two such widely separated 
races. 

In all the countries of Europe, nearly half the people are armed to keep 
down the other half. England is no exception ; for though her standing 
armj- is less, in perfect keeping with the fraud and hypocrisy of her whole 
system, an armed police, equal to the regular soldiery of the more manly des- 
potisms of the continent is kept in pay and constant, unsleeping activity to 
keep down the people. Was the European aristocracy to place itself in the 
same position towards the people that the planters of the South do, in respect 
to their negroes — were kings and nobles to disband their armies, to present 
themselves stripped of all artificial support, face to face with their subjects, 
as the planter does daily and constantly to his negroes — to trust to their 
assumed and fictitious superiority, as the planter does to his real and natural 
superiority, the entire crew of fictitious and painted humanity would be re- 
ceived with a roar of derision from the Volga to the Thames ; and their actual 
inferiority and utter insignificance would be so palpably revealed to the people, 
that the latter would scarcely condescend to punish them for their past trans- 
gressions. 

Even as things are now, if some Sutherland, for instance, should go among 
his peasants, and, taking off his coat, go to work with them, and trust to his 
supposed or assumed superiority, where would he be at the end of a single 
week ? The men who only see him at a distance, living in a castle surrounded 
with hordes of miserable menials, and followed by lordly retinues, thus brought 



24 

in actual contact with him ; thus discovering the cheat and imposture that is 
imposed on them; thus able to see what it is that rules and governs them ; — 
however ignorant these men, the illusion would vanish forever, and from this 
single point would commence, in all probability, a movement that would end 
in revolutionizing the country. The southern planter, on the contrary, needs 
no artificial support to sustain his authority — no fraud or fiction, or interme- 
diate Hunkery, to work on the imagination of his slaves — no paint and feathers, 
or high-sounding titles, nor any part or parcel whatever of that vast and com- 
plicated machinery of fraud and force so universal in Europe— to keep down 
his inferiors. His authority is stamped upon his nature by the hand of God, 
instead of being the work of laws of primogeniture or the result of human con- 
trivances. 

These two things, which have no resemblance whatever — which are as far 
apart as truth and falsehood, as right and wrong, as the laws of nature and 
the results of human contrivances, are confounded continually ; and the igno- 
rant and deluded masses in Europe are constantly prompted by the agents and 
hirelings of aristocracy to consider the condition of the negro and their owh 
to be the same in principle— indeed to look upon themselves as even far less 
oppressed than the negro. They have not the most distant idea that the negro 
is in a perfectly natural condition, while theirs is wholly artificial; nor a single 
glimpse of the eternal truth, that it is a greater crime against nature to force 
the negro to an equuhty with them, than to make even a class of their own 
race artificially superior to themselves. All the combinations of human force 
are indeed incompetent to afiect either in fact ; yet the effort to elevate the in- 
ferior species to an equality with that which God has placed above it, would be 
vastly more criminal than even tne artificial superiority of a class of the same 
race. But we repeat, both alike are impossible in reality. No matter what 
the action of Parliaments, or the laws of primogeniture, or other efforts, the 
artificial superiority ends with the single generation; and the succeeding one 
again comes into existence with the eternal and inherent "equality" that God 
has stamped upon the race, complete and perfect as ever. So, too, should efforts 
be made to violate nature in respect to different races or species— should Vir- 
ginia pass laws equalizing the planter and his slave, it would only be a fiction— 
should external force be resorted to, to accomplish the impossibility— should 
the whites of Virginia refuse to learn to read, or cultivate their faculties, and 
devote themselves wholly to the mental elevation of the blacks, all their efforts 
would end with the present generation, and in the succeeding one, Nature, 
true to herself, would vindicate her laws. The white would be again just as 
superior, and the negro just as inferior, as if the uatural order and harmony 
had never been disturbed. No mental equality, short of physical equality, 
could be possible; nor. indeed, could social suicide, amalgamation itself, realize 
the abolition idea of equality. To the extent that it occurred, there wm Id be 
only e.iunction of the specific character of both parties ; while beyond that, the 
specific character and the eternal " inequality" of the races, would remain nu 
disturbed, the integrity of each perfect as ever. 

The continued ascendency of an aristocracy, or ruling class, on coi v 



25 

instead of the laws of nature, rests wholly on the ignorance of the masses. 
With the Government, the wealth, all the forces of the State in its possession, 
it cultivates its own intelligence, and withholds the means of mental improve- 
ment from the people. Thus the same Parliament in England which voted 
forty thousand pounds to educate the people, appropriated eighty thousand to 
repair tip queen's stables ; making the physical comfort of the dumb animals 
of double importance to the moral well-being of the people. Thus, too, while 
plundering the laboring classes of some five millions annually to pay the inte- 
rest on money squandered to elevate the Negro to a common level with the for- 
mer, they annually appropriate about a hundred thousand pounds for education, 
or allow the people to use about the fiftieth part of the former amount to ele- 
vate themselves ; or. when robbing a British laborer of fifty cents to elevate the 
negro to his own level, permit him to use one cent to elevate himself to the 
level of those with whom God and Nature has made him equal. Yet strange 
indeed this atrocious imposture and unapproachable villauy passes for " philan- 
thropy ;" and there are even Americans so debauched by Britishism, and so 
stultified in their moral perceptions, as to glorify it as an act of humanity, and 
a great " national effort" in behalf of " liberty." Nor is this misconception or 
confusion between artificially degraded classes of a superior race, and the natu- 
ral condition of an inferior one, confined in Europe. Throughout the northern 
States, those with whom British books and British writers are standard author- 
ities, universally adopt the same notion. And it will always be found that 
those most in favor of class distinctions in their own race, or most in favor of 
special legislation, or those schemes or contrivances that foster artificial dis- 
tinctions amongst the whites, are those, too, most hostile to what is termed 
"southern slavery." 

Thus it is, that the false theory of a single race, applied to the social con- 
dition of the South, assumes the presence of facts that only exist in the diseased 
imaginations of those who apply it ; and these imaginary facts thus generated 
by the theory become in turn its main support. And while the actual condi- 
tion of the negro, which infinitely better than any other portion of his race, 
proves conclusively that that condition is a normal or natural one ; the fact 
that he is mentally inferior to the European peasant, which simply proves that 
he belongs to a different race or species, is by a monstrous lie, and so far as the 
welfare of both races is concerned, a deplorable delusion, perverted into proof 
that he is suffering under still greater oppression than the former. Thus, too, 
with the notion of a common wrong and a common cause, from the very neces- 
sities of falsehood is also associated the idea or notion of a common origin, and 
a single race. 

Such are the causes, or such the leading causes of popular delusion on 
this subject, and which for half a century or mure have been wielded to work 
out more mischief, more evils, indeed, to " perpetrate more outrage on hu- 
manity'* than ever before known in any similiar period in the whole history of 
mankind. 

We can in this place only briefly refer to some of the more prominent con- 



26 

sequences resulting from this delusion, but shall in a subsequent chapter give 
the facts and details that sustain the present assumptions. 

It is estimated that the British government has expended six hundred mil- 
lions to put down the African slave trade, to abolish slavery, or rather, to call 
things by their right names, to destroy the natural relations of the races in the 
West India Islands — in short, under the pretence of benefiting the Negro, to 
break down the distinctions of nature, and equalize those whom the Almighty 
has made unequal. 

This enormous sum is of course laid upon the already over-burdened 
shoulders of the British laboring and producing classes ; and, incredible as it 
will appear to posterity, at the very moment that a hundred millions, the pro- 
ceeds of the sweat and toil of the over-worked and often half-famished British 
laborer, was thus squandered on a distant and unknown people, the latter was 
better fed and infinitely less worked than the former. And it is reasonable to 
suppose that for every idle and vagabond Negro now basking in tropical 
suns or revelling in pumpkin in Jamaica, there is a poor worn out, 
maimed and defaced British laborer perishing in the prison almshouses of 
England, a necessary victim of " philanthrophic" imposture, and "humane'' 
iniquity. 

There are eight millions in the British islands unable to read ; yet these 
dumb, voiceless beings, instead of using the proceeds of their own labor to 
educate their own offspring, to save their own children from that most hideous 
of all savageisms, the ignorance of a superior race in the midst of high civili- 
zation, are compelled by a despotic and irresponsible oligarchy to surrender the 
proceeds of their toil to be wasted on a distant, and to them an utterly un- 
known race. 

"Within the past ten years several millions of British subjects have perished 
of famine, every one of whom might have been saved if the money squandered 
on the Negro had been employed for that purpose ; indeed it is reasonable to 
suppose that the proceeds of labor wrung alone from the bones and sinews of 
these murdered Irishmen themselves, for the benefit, or the pretended benefit of 
the Negro, would have been sufficient to save every man of them. 

The monstrous imposture which has so long deceived the world under the 
cloak of philanthropy and a pretended desire to benefit humanity, has beeD 
sustained and kept up by the lying assumption that it was the British nation, 
the totality of the British people who carried on this Negro policy ; but it is 
the work alone of the governing class, the oligarchy, the half million or so of 
the British population embodied in the Parliament, while the unrepresented 
millions, the people proper, those whose labor furnishes the means, who bear 
the burthens and suffer the sacrifices, have no more to do with it, indeed are 
as utterly ignorant of it, as the people of Kamschatka or the inhabitants of the 
moon. 

To suppose such a thing that these eight millions of artificial heathens, exist- 
ing in the heart of British society would give their sweat and toil and labor 
for such purposes, that the poor emaciated artizan, the over-worked and often 
half-famished multitudes shut out from the light of earth as well as heaven, 



27 

in British mines, would, of their ofan volition, labor and toil and suffer, to en- 
able the Negro to live in idleness in Jamaica?— to suppose such a thing we 
repeat, is an atrocious blasphemy, a libel upon the Almighty, who lias benefi- 
cently as wisely ordained to the contrary, and made self-preservation a primary 
instinct of our nature. 

The immediate, practical, inevitable result of this vast expenditure on the 
Negro is to rivet more surely the slavery of the British millions, to compel 
every laborer in England to work an hour longer every day of his life, and to 
snatch a portion of the food from the mouths of his children, often earned by 
the very life-blood of the father, to be wasted on the Negro. It is the robbery 
and plunder of the disfranchised millions, the ignorant, helpless, starving mul- 
titudes of British laborers by a heartless and brutal oligarchy to accomplish 
its own ulterior designs and effect schemes of transcendent viilany under the 
mask and cover of philanthropy. 

It is a mortgage on the bones and muscles, the bodies and souls of future 
generations of their own flesh and blood, under the hypocritical pretence of 
benefiting humanity. 

The actual wrong thus inflicted upon the unrepresented masses of Britain, 
would have been the same if every manumitted Negro had been ekvated to the 
standard of a Wilberforce or made the literary ecpial of old Johnson himself; 
but the results upon the Negro have been scarcely less disastrous. 

It is now admitted by the tools as well as the dupes of the imposture that 
while the mortality of the slave traffic has advanced from 14 to 25 per cent. 
as the direct result of British interference, not one single African the less has been 
imported ! 

The world, civilization, the wants of society, the comfort and well-being of 
the millions of Christendom required the products of the tropics and of the 
West India Islands. The Creator has ordained that these products can only 
be forthcoming through the labor of the negro ; — the demand was imperative, 
and the labor was furnished. It is not necessary to enquire whether the mode 
of furnishing this labor was right or wrong, whether the necessities of human 
well-being demanded only its regulation on principles of humanity or, whether 
it waa or is inherently and absolutely wrong ; British interference with it 
has only brought suffering and death to the, in this connection, " unhappy 
negro." If British citizens, the people of London and Liverpool required a 
certain amount of coffee, sugar, and other tropical products, the labor neces- 
sary to meet these demands was always furnished. Thus, if the labor of fifty 
thousand negroes was required, eighty thousand was shipped on the African 
coast, as thirty thousand of them would be sacrificed by British interference. 

What number of negroes have thus, within the last sixty years been de- 
stroyed, actually murdered, in the name of philanthropy may not be known, 
but it must be enormous ; and for every one of these, for all the hideous 
diabliares of the middle passage, for all this human suffering, immeasurable 
and illimitable, the British aristocracy and their tools and dupes in Europe 
and America are justly responsible. In Jamaica, and the other islands, the 
natural relations of the races broken up, the Negro of course refuses to labor, 



and rapidly returning to the African standard of the race, these islands, which 
lie in the very bosom of the American Continent, and should be the very gar- 
den of American civilization, now promise to become the seat and centre of an 
African barbarism. 

Now all these consequences, these results, the mortgaging of the bones and 
muscles of future generations of British laborers, and the indefinite post- 
ponement of their own liberation under pretence of liberating the Negro — 
the hypocritical and false issue presented to the credulous friends of liberty 
everv where — the evils worked out on the Negro himself — the destruction 
of life and increased sufferings of the middle passage — the rapidly approach- 
ing savao-eism of those forced from their normal condition in Jamaica and 
other West India Islands — the false hopes, mistaken notions, and prospec- 
tive extinction of the Negro populations at the North — the overthrow of 
civilization, and threatened establishment of an African barbarism on our 
Southern border, the ally and instrument of European aristocracy in any 
future collision with American Democracy— above all the effects upon our- 
selves—the wide spread delusion that Southern institutions are au ; ' evil " 
and their extension dangerous— the notion so prevalent at the North, that 
there is a real antagonism, or that the system of the South is hostile to North- 
ern interests— the weakened union sentiment, and the utter debauchment, the 
absolute traitorism of a portion of the Northern people, not only to the 
Union, but to Democratic institutions, and the cause of civilization on this 
Continent — all these, with the minor and almost innumerable mischiefs that this 
vast delusion, this mighty world wide imposture has engendered, or drags in 
its train, rests upon the dogma, the single assumption, the sole elementary 
foundation-falsehood, that the Negro is a black white man, or that two widely 
separated, unmistakenly marked, and perpetually different things are the 
same thing ! ! This single fallacy, which is in reality an absurdity, as well as 
a lie, once exploded, and the mighty edifice which fraud and imposture, and 
popular credulity, have united to magnify into such fearful proportions, in- 
stantly collapses and disappears forever. The Negro once comprehended, as 
he is, as God has made him, as he must perpetually remain, and instantly, 
"philanthropy," "humanity," that which men have worshipped as a divin- 
ity, becomes "like the unveiled prophet of Khorasson— a hideous monstrosity. 

Fortunately for the cause of truth and real i; humanity," this question is 
resolvable into fact and wholly uulike the "divinity- of kings, or « infallibility" 
of priests, or other lying abstractions, which could only be exploded by appeals 
to reason, the absolute falsity and utter absurdity of the single race dogma is 
demonstrable to the senses. 

The human creation like the animal creation, like all the families or forms of 
being, is composed of a certain number of races, all generally resembling each 
other, yet each specifically different from all others. 

This simple, though mighty truth, hitherto obscured by ignorance and cov- 
ered by a monstrous falsehood, underlies all our sectional troubles and needs 
only to be recognized by our people to end them forever. 

The Ne^ro is a man, but of an inferior species of man, who could no more 



29 

originate from the same parentage with us than could the owl from the eagle, 
or the shad from the salmon, or the cat from the tiger, and can no more be 
forced by human power, to manifest the qualties or fulfil the duties imposed 
by the Almighty on the Caucasian man than can either ot these forms of life 
be forced to manifest qualities other than those eternally impressed upon them 
by the hand of God. 

The Caucasian brain measures 92 cubic inches— with the cerebrum, the 
centre of the intellectual functions, relatively predominating over the cerebel- 
lum, the centre of the animal instincts ; thus, it is capable of indefinite pro- 
gression, and transmits the knowledge or experience acquired by one generation 
to subsequent generations — the record of which is history. 

The Negro brain measures from 65 to 75 cubic inches — with the cerebellum, 
the centre of the animal instincts relatively predominating over the cerebrum, 
the centre of the intellectual powers ; thus, its acquisition of knowledge is lim- 
ited to a single generation, and incapable of transmitting this to subsequent 
ones, it can have no history. A single glance at eternal and immutable facts, 
which perpetually separate these forms of human existence will be sufficient to 
cover the whole ground — thus, could the deluded people who propose to im- 
prove on the works of the Creator, and elevate the Negro to the standard of the 
white, actually perform an act of omnipotence, and, add 20 to 30 per cent, to 
the totality of the Negro brain, they would still be at as great a distance as 
ever from their final object, while the relations of the anterior and posterior 
portions of the brain remained as at present. 

And were they capable of performing a second act of creative power, to 
diminish the posterior portion, and add to the anterior portion of the Negro 
brain, to make it in form, as well as size, correspond to that of the Caucasian 
man, they would even then, after all this effort, and all this display of omnipo- 
tent force, come back again to the starting point, for such a brain could no 
more be born of a negress, than an elephant pass the eye of a needle. Histori- 
cal fact is in perfect accordance with these physiological facts ; thus, while 
there are portions, nationalities or branches of the Caucasian race that have 
relapsed, become effete, decayed, lost — the race has steadily progressed, and 
from the banks of the Nile, to those of the Mississippi, civilization, progress, 
intellectual development, the specific characteristics of the Caucasian have alone 
changed locations. The Negro on the contrary is at this moment just where 
the race was three thousand years ago, when sculptured on Egyptian monu- 
ments. Portions of it in contact with the superior race have been temporarily 
advanced ; but invariably, without exception, they have returned to the Afri- 
can standard as soon as this contact has ceased, or as soon as the results of 
amalgamation between them have disappeared. 

The Abyssinians originally pure Caucasian, the Lybians, the Numidians of 
Eoman history, and Ethiopians, the two latter, and doubtless the Lybians also 
of mixed Caucasian blood are often confounded with the Negro or the typical 
woolly haired, and thus it has been claimed that the latter were capable of 
progress ; but it is a historical truth beyond contradiction or doubt even that 
the typical African, the race now in our midst, has never of its own volition 



30 

passed beyond the hunter condition, that condition which it now occupies in 
Africa, when isolated from all other races. 

The Creator has beneficently as wisely permitted amalgamation to a certain 
extent between the extremes of " humanity," the Caucasian and Negro — other- 
wise there would be slavery, oppression, brutality, death, but this is limited 
within fixed boundaries; thus, the Mulatto or Hybrid of the fourth generation, 
is as sterile as the mule or most animal hybrids are in the first generation. 

These two races thus widely diverging, one the most superior and the other 
: >s1 inferior of all the human races, exist at tiie South in juxtapositon. 
What does fact, reason, common sense, the evident design of the Almighty as 
written upon the structure of each indicate as their true social relations? 

Why manifestly those peculiar institutions which actually do exist. The 
superior and predominating race adopt for themselves a system of Democracy 
— that is those that are equal by nature are declared equal by the law — those 
organized alike and endowed alike, and thus, evidently designed by the Crea- 
tor for like purposes, for the exercise of the same rights and performance of 
the same duties, are protected in these rights and compelled to perform these 
duties. For the inferior race inferiorly organized and inferibrly endowed, as 
incapable of fulfilling the purposes assigned to the superior organization by the 
Almighty Creator of all as it is to change the color of its skin a peculiar sys- 
tem adapted to its specific nature, and w hich provides for that eternal subor- 
dination to the Caucasian man, fixed from the beginning, is not merely a ne- 
cessity of human existence but an imperative duty devolving on the superior race. 

This system, these peculiar institutions, ignorance, popular credulity and the 
followers of European opinion confound with the Roman and other systems of 
slavery, to which it has just as complete a resemblance as black lias to white ; 
but this term unfortunately fixed upon it. has deceived millions of men — thus 
we see multitudes among ourselves impotently as blindly butting their brains 
against a present, normal, vital, organization of .Southern society with the con- 
fident belief that they are battling with monstrosities dead and buried cen- 
turies ago ! To be sure it does not necessarily follow because the white is 
superior and the Negro inferior, that therefore the preseut relations of the races 
or the social system of the South is exactly right or in precise conformity to 
the wants or the natural rights of both ; but it is a/act, that this condition as- 
sures to the Negro a greater amount of happiness than any other ever known ; 
therefore for precisely the reasons that New York claims her institutions to be 
founded in truth, may Mississippi do the same ; and if the "greatest good to 
the greatest number," prove that " equality" is a natural relation where white 
men exist only, a similar result wherever whites and Negroes exist together, 
equally proves that the relation of master an 1 •■ slave" is a fundamental law of 
human existence. 

The Negroes at the South are even acknowledged by the dupes of delusion 
to be in a good material condition, which in truth is acknowledging every thing, 
for it is true in all cases with whites as well as blacks that those in the best 
physical condition are also in the best moral condition. 

Material and mora! well being is an inseparable unity, that cannot be divided 
or isolated anv more than can mind and bodv. or life and organized matter ; 



31 

therefore the Negro iu Mississippi who has pleuty to eat, who is not overworked, 
who rapidly multiplies, is also from the necessity of things in the best moral 
condition possible for him. 

Those writers among us who sometimes undertake to defend Southern insti- 
tutions by comparing the condition of the Negro with the condition of the 
British laborer, and who think they have made out their case when they show 
it to be no worse than the latter, thus make a vital mistake. The fact is no 
comparison is allowable or possible. The Negro is governed by those naturally 
superior, and is in the best condition of any portion or branch of his race ; 
while the British laborer, governed by those naturally his equals, and even 
sometimes his inferiors, is iu the worst condition of any portion or branch of his 
race. The first is secure in all the rights that nature gives him ; the latter is 
practically denied all or nearly all of his ; — the first is protected and provided for 
by those the Creator has designed should govern him ; the latter is kept in igno- 
rance, brutalized, over-worked and plundered by those it is designed should only 
govern themselves ; — one is a normal condition, the other an infamous usurpation. 

The notion that so-called slavery is an " evil" is equally a fallacy as that 
which supposes it a wrong. It arises to a great extent from confounding two 
very different things — the presence of a Negro population with the peculiar 
institutions necessary for its governance ; thus, while it might be desirable iu 
certain localities to get rid of the former, to destroy the latter would be as 
absurd and indeed as wrong as it would be to tear all the boys of a certain 
age from their parents and guardians and to turn them loose upon the world. 

Instead of an " evil" in any sense whatever it is an unmixed good to the 
Negro, to the master, to the North, to civilization, to the world ; it is " the best 
relation between capital and labor ever known," the " corner stone of our Re- 
publican edifice," aud the presence of the inferior race on this continent, the 
most fortunate conjuncture that has ever happened in human affairs. 

It has called into being a class of men, who for ability, for accomplished 
statesmanship, for all the higher and noble qualities of true manhood, are un- 
equalled either now or at any time in history. 

These men, these so-called " slaveholders," are the originators of Democratic 
institutions on this continent, the founders of our Eepublican system, and its 
main and always reliable defenders ever since, who as a class have done more 
to advance freedom, progress, true ideas of Government, and therefore true 
civilization, than all other men together, that have ever lived upon the earth. 
From Washington to Polk, all our foreign war or national defenses, all our 
annexations of territory, the extension of our system, the expansion of Demo- 
cratic ideas, all the ameliorations of the condition of the laboring classes, in 
short, with one single exception,* every thing great or beneficent in our nation- 
al history is the work of American " slaveholders." 

And it is just as true that every thing tending to corrupt our system, to de- 
bauch the Democratic sentiment of the nation, to check its progress, and force 
it back into the adoption of the slavish maxims of Europe ; indeed, every tiling 
hostile to the interests of the masses, and at war with the well being and man- 
hood of the laboring man, has either originated with or been advocated by 

* Mr. Van Buren's Independent Treasury Measure. 



32 

the so-called " friends of liberty.'' the anti-slavery statesmen of the North. 

The public lives of two eminent men fairly illustrate this truth. 

Jacksou, the slaveholder, devoted his whole life to the service of the labor- 
ing classes, and struck down " Britishism" wherever he found it, whether in the 
battle field or the still more dangerous arena of legislation, while Adams, the 
abolitionist, the exponent of " anti-slavery," spent the best years of his life in pro- 
pagating and defending the most abject aDd debasing maxims of " Britishism." 

Three-fourths of the votes in Congress against National Banks and other 
contrivances for defrauding labor, have been those of slaveholders ; all the 
vetoes striking down these schemes when worked through Congress have been 
those of slaveholding Presidents ; every additional foot of slave territory has 
been an increased weight in the scale ou the side of labor against capital — the 
annexation of Texas and the votes of her slaveholding Senators alone broke 
down the unjust tariff of 1842, and gave to the farmers of the North and West 
the beneficent free trade tariff of 1846 — in short, every page and line in 
our national history, bears witness to the truth of the declaration already made, 
that the presence of the inferior race, (which originating the peculiar institutions 
of the South, has called this class of men into being) is indeed the most fortunate 
conjuncture of circumstances that has ever happened in human affairs. 

And in view of these historical facts and our present condition, and that of 
the down trodden millions of Europe, (the victims of the infamous systems or 
contrivances that enable the few to plunder and degrade the many) it is equally 
true that the abolition of "Negro Slavery," aside from all other consequences 
and viewed only as annihilating or striking this class of men out of existence, 
these " slaveholders" these Jeffersons, Jacksous, Calhouns and McDuffies of the 
South, would itself be the greatest misfortune that could happen to mankind. 

For this purpose, and the accomplishment of this end, British aristocracy 
and European monarchists, their tools and instruments all over, everywhere, 
openly or covertly labor incessantly. 

They know instinctively the danger and the men, the ideas and the represen- 
tive of ideas, that threaten to destroy their own vile " systems" of oppression ; 
and from the day that the brutal old tory, Dr. Johnson, declared that " the 
Negro drivers of America were the loudest yelpers after liberty" to the present 
moment, all their efforts have been directed to break down a system in deadly 
hostility to their own — to crush ideas destined to revolutionize Europe — to 
destroy a class, the founders and true defenders of Democratic institutions. 

But delusion and imposture have most probably reached their limits. The 
monstrous fraud, indeed the impiety of the British aristocracy, who pretending 
to benefit, labor to deface "humanity," to force an inferior race to a level with 
their own flesh and blood, and to blot out the distinctions of the Almighty, that 
they may preserve those of their own invention — will be understood. 

The mask that has so long concealed the hideous features of their pretended 
" philanthrophy," is destined ere long to be torn aside lorever ; and all men, 
even the benighted and besotted beings in our midst, who have so faithfully 
labored to propagate its lies and to spread its delusions, will yet uuite in de- 
nouncing it — as the mightiest imposture that, has ever darkened the under- 
standing or perverted the moral instincts of mankind. 



Extract from a letter to the Author from Dr. Cartwright of N, O. 

" The defence of Negro slavery has ever been on some untenable basis, by every 
writer and speaker who has attempted to advocate it ; most of \\ hom have done 
more harm than good to the cause. Some few, as Calhoun and others, based 
their arguments on solid materials, but they did not collect enough to form a firm 
foundation for the whole superstructure of our Southern Institutions. In theory, 
at least, there was some discrepancy ; and persons abroad could not understand 
the reason for the facts, and therefore discredited them, just as Herodotus did 
the story of the sailors, who coasted along Africa until their shadows at noon 
pointed to the South, instead of the North. For nearly two thousand years the 
facts reported by the sailors were disbelieved, jusl as all the material facts in 
regard to Negro slavery, that it is no slavery, but a natural relation of the 
races, are at the present da}- disbelieved by all those who are unacquainted with 
the Negro nature by actual observation. The disbelief, in both cases, was for 
the want of a theory, a correct- theory, to show the reasonableness, or rather the 
n cessity of the phenomena. What the theory, based upon subsequent, discover- 
ies in geography and astronomy, lias done to legitimate the facts of the ancient 
sailors, who told that they had visited a country so far South that their shadows 
pointed to the contrary way from shadows in the North, the first Chapter of 
your Work has done for all those seemingly contradictory and incomprehensible 
facts in regard to Negroes and Negro slavery. It not only proves their truth 
beyond a doubt, but proves that thej- could not be otherwise ; that they are true 
from necessity, as clearly as we now know it must from necessity be true, that 
the shadows beyond the equator point South at noon-day." 



Letter from Hon. J. IVofford Tucker, of the Legislature of South 
Carolina, to lion. J. L. Orr. of U. S. Mouse of Representatives. 

Spartansburg, S. C., J"ii)/. 20, 1854. 
Hon. J. L. • 

My Dear Col. — Please send me the nntnbers of Dr. Van Eyrie's work on 

including the firsl number which i have read, at any expense 

demanded by the circumstances. 

It is the ablest, the profoundest, the mosl original production <<f the age. It 
is destined, 1 predict, to have a gr< opinion of Europe and 

America, and to do more in revolutionizing moral uid correcting ex- 

isting errors and mischievous delusions, than any work of the i'Jth century. 
With high regard, I an: yours, very truly, i 

J. WOFFORD TlcKER. 



From Hon. T. L. Clingman, U. S. House of Representatives. 

House Representatives, Dec, 18th, 1853. 

Dear Sir, — I have read with much interest your chapter on " Negroes and 
Slavery." Its propositions are strikingly and powerfully stated. Your 
blows against a popular delusion are given with dexterity, rapidity, and the force 
of a sledge-hammer. While reading your pages I regretted the action of the 
Senate on the census bill of 1850. The executive board, at my instance, but with 
much hesitation and after many objections, included a series of questions direct- 
ed so as to ascertain not only the numbers and ages of the mulattoes, a mixed 
blooded people, but also the number, Ac., in each degree of removal from the. 
pure races up to four degrees, and also the number of children in each family of 
each class. When the tables were presented to the Senate for adoption, these 
classes of questions were stricken out partly because some of the Senators con- 
sidered the information useless, and others expressed apprehension in debate, 
that it might if obtained tend to overthrow the common idea of the unity of 
the races. Had the views contained in your pamphlet been presented to those 
Senators, could such have been the action of that bod}-? The information col- 
lected in such a manner, from a wide field, would most probably have decided 
the question as to the specific difference, or identitj', of the Caucasian and Negro 
races. Notwithstanding the difficulties in the way of a single person's obtaining 
facts enough from private sources, your success is remarkable, and most of your 
propositions are of such a character, as when presented, to command assent, 
because every one's observations afford more or less evidence in their favor. A 
wide circulation of your pamphlet will be equally serviceable to the Northern 
and Southern sections of the Union. 

Respectfully yours, <fec, 

Dr. J. H. Van Evrie. T. L. Clingman. 



Jflf 



